Optoelectonics strontiu_titanate Composition optoelectronics Defect Boundary Tin disulfide Piranha DOE Sidewall UnivOfMaryland Filter Vanadate Pinpoint FrictionalForceMicroscopy FFM TemperatureControllerStage IVSpectroscopy Temasek_Lab Heating ConductingPolymer Cross-section PS_PVAC C_AFM MESA structure FM-KPFM Tin sulfide InorganicCompound 2-vinylpyridine Tungsten VortexCore membrane HafniumDioxide norganic ChemicalCompound