Sapphire Transparent AM_KPFM SicMosfet LiftHeight C_AFM Foil BiasMode Ni81Fe19 Epoxy ForceDistanceSpectroscopy EvatecAG silicon_carbide TiO2 thermoplastic_elastomers SingleCrystal mechanical property KPFM SmallScan FrequencyModulation Biofilm hetero_structure Annealed 2d_materials Fendb ElectroChemical plastic IRDetector Solar Formamidinium_lead_iodide conductive Korea Galfenol light_emitting membrane