#Materials Vortex PolyvinylAcetate OpticalWaveguide Cross-section NanoLithography Mechanical&nanotechnology Moire dielectric trench WPlug Biofilm PtfeMembrane Steps Boundary Current Etch PDMS Optical doped HanyangUniv FailureAnalysis Resistance PhaseImaging kelvin probe force microscopy TPU SiliconOxide GlassTemp TemperatureControllerStage ContactModeDot Sulfur Piezoresponse KPFM SiWafer light_emitting HDD