MBE HydroGel SmalScan Polarization Ni-FeAlloy PS_LDPE Beads Mobile MechanicalProperty SurfaceOxidation VortexCore conductive Sperm SPMLabs ItoGlass CNT Blood kelvin probe force microscopy Polystyrene Gallium domain_switching solar_cell phase_change Nanopattern PS_PVAC AIN KAIST PDMS PFM Vortex Topography SFAs ForceVolumeImage IRDetector MolybdenumDisulfide