Step IndiumTinOxide Bacterium PANI Melt PolycrystallineFerroelectricBCZT membrane Wonseok I-VSpectroscopy UnivCollegeLondon InLiquid UnivOfMaryland SICM ScanningThermalMicroscopy NanoLithography Roughness Defect LateralPFM Ito SPMLabs Layer MfmPhase Organic Chungnam_National_University ItoGlass Tape AdhesionEnergy TransitionMetal SThM atomic_steps dielectric_trench HumanHair Polyvinylidene_fluoride kelvin probe force microscopy Ferroelectric