Mapping Nanostructure amplitude_modulation 2dMaterials LateralForceMicroscopy LeakageCurrent Polypropylene HfO2 MembraneFilter TyphimuriumBiofilm Polytetrafluoroethylene Implant AM-KPFM Microchannel StainlessSteel high_resolution phase_change Holes MESA structure solar_cell fluoroalkane frequency_modulation ThermalConductivity Indent Temperature membrane mechanical property ForceVolume Perovskite Memory align domain_switching KPFM Gallium PatternedSapphireSubstrat