Carbon Imprint ThermalDetectors SelfAssembly Heating CrAu Biology DeoxyribonucleicAcid Ni-FeAlloy NUS_NNI_Nanocore BoronNitride ContactModeDot aluminum_nitride Alloy hydrocarbon 3-hexylthiophene NUS Conductance SiliconCrystal kelvin probe force microscopy PVAC temp_control HfO2 PhaseImaging Techcomp SurfaceOxidation Defects CuFoil PolyvinylAcetate Indium_tin_oxide #Materials Composite Worcester_Polytechnic_Institute Gallium_Arsenide OpticalModulator