HOPG hard_disk_media domain_switching Transparent CopperFoil norganic thermal_property Tungsten_disulfide ScanningIon-ConductanceMicroscopy ForceDistanceSpectroscopy Singapore Reduction Molybdenum_disulfide Indium_tin_oxide PiezoelectricForceMicroscopy molecules Imprint Praseodymium P3HT STO self_assembly ConductiveAFM Sio2 CeramicCapacitor frequency_modulation phase_change CVD KPFM WPlug Au111 Pyroelectric Implant Pvdf IRDetector Liquid