NUS CalciumHydroxyapatite pulsed_laser_deposition MagneticForceMicroscopy LiquidCrystal Formamidinium_lead_iodide Ito conductive Zhi MultiferroicMaterials Current Photovoltaics food Chrome Microchannel IcelandSpar Solar mono_layer SelfAssembly SiliconOxide Conducting Force-distance self-assembled_monolayer Implant molecular_beam ScanningThermalMicroscopy Sperm Sapphire Trench Polyvinylidene StyreneBeads Calcium SrTiO3 LiquidCell CrossSection