Magnetostrictive Current 2d_materials Ceramic silicon_oxide Photovoltaics TemperatureControllerStage single_layer SKKU Temasek_Lab Galfenol Sic Fendb Perovskite TipBiasMode Sapphire Solar Conduct GaN Alkane AtomicSteps Stiffness AmplitudeModulation align ForceMapping FFM HydroGel TyphimuriumBiofilm HardDisk Solution Scanning_Thermal_Microscopy gallium_nitride FrequencyModulation vertical_PFM UnivOfMaryland