Semiconductor Optical Fet Gallium DLaTGS Mechinical Sphere StainlessSteel DeoxyribonucleicAcid TemperatureControl Writing SiliconOxide Boundary UTEM ForceDistanceSpectroscopy NTU Calcite LiftMode thermal_conductivity Conducting SiWafer Oxide PvdfFilm mechanical_property Steps EFMAmplitude Heating Tin sulfide bias_mode ForceVolumeMapping CuSubstrate Piezoelectric FloppyDisk Nickel SICM